Body Language Analysis No. 4342: Alleged Jacksonville Shooter David Katz - Threat Assessment and Emotional Intelligence (PHOTO)

David Katz was in Jacksonville, Florida on Saturday. He had traveled from his home in Baltimore to participate in a Madden video tournament. Tragically, and with motives yet unknown, a lone gunman - allegedly Katz, shot and killed two people while injuring ten others before taking his own life.

From a nonverbal perspective, the above image of Katz, captured last year after he won a tournament, is worth analyzing in greater detail.

Note that Katz's central forehead is both contracted and vectored upward. In nonverbal parlance, this is termed an Elevated Central Forehead Contraction (Elevated CFC). In addition, Katz is displaying a simultaneous slight mouth "smile". However, this "smile" is no smile at all. It's insincere. It's a ruse.

Now, this particular combination of an elevated CFC, together with a partial mouth pseudo-smile is an expression we all exhibit - every emotionally healthy person - once in a while. On these relatively infrequent occasions, one (or more) of the following three emotions is being experienced:

• Arrogance
• Contempt
• Disbelief (more specifically, a Smug-Disbelief with Impatient-Dismissal)

It's important to stress that all three of these emotions may be conveyed with other facial displays. In addition, these emotions also may overlap. We all will, of course, experience these feelings from time to time but - hopefully not too frequently. So it follows that, now and again, we also will make this facial expression.

However, individuals who frequently display this facial expression, have a very high correlation with Antisocial Personality Disorder (Abbreviated as APD and includes both Sociopathy and Psychopathy [which are somewhat common/colloquial terms]).

Two key personality traits common to both sociopaths and psychopaths are:

• Very low or nonexistent Empathy 

combined with:

• Low Sincerity Quotients (e.g., people who aren't necessarily lying IN THAT MOMENT - but they have a strong pattern of frequent deception)

Please see Robert Hare's psychopathy checklist for additional characteristics.

SUMMARY: The particular facial expression of an Elevated Central Forehead Contraction together with a Simultaneous Partial Mouth "Smile" (often suppressed and subtle) - when frequently displayed - has an extremely high correlation with Sociopathy and Psychopathy.

Low Empathy Quotients combined with Low or Absent Sincerity (Chronic Lying) - are characteristics common to Sociopaths and Psychopathy (Antisocial Personality Disorder).

Group Appearances and One-on-One

Online Courses Available 

702-239-8503

Jack@BodyLanguageSuccess.com

See also:

Body Language Analysis No. 4341: Donald Trump, Michael Cohen, and Hush Money

Body Language Analysis No. 4339: Pre-Confession Interview of Murderer, Chris Watts  

Body Language Analysis No. 4336: Alita: Battle Angel, Large Eyes, and Sexual Attraction 

Body Language Analysis No. 4323: Trump Putin Helsinki Summit Press Conference 

Body Language Analysis No. 4325: Part II - Trump Putin Helsinki Summit Press Conference 

Body Language Analysis No. 4240: Cambridge Analytica's Alexander Nix (Part I)

Body Language Analysis No. 4135: What Makes Markle's Eyes Sparkle? - The Emotional Intelligence of Twinkling Eyes

Body Language Analysis No. 4111: Selena Gomez, Francia Raisa, and a Kidney Transplant

Body Language Analysis No.4156: President Trump's Cabinet Meeting - Crossing Arms and Excessive Motion

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Body Language Analysis No. 4277: Donald Trump's First Person Shooter/Terrorist's POV Display at the NRA Convention - Nonverbal and Emotional Intelligence (VIDEO, PHOTOS)

On Friday 4 May 2018, President Trump gave a speech at the NRA's national meeting in Dallas, Texas. What follows is a partial nonverbal analysis of a crucial portion of that speech. 

President Trump (continuing at 22:07), "... But they died in a restaurant and various other close-proximity places. They were brutally killed by a small group of terrorists - that had guns. They took their time - and gunned them down, one-by-one. Boom! Come over here. Boom! Come over here. Boom! If you were - in those rooms - one of those people - and the survivors - said, 'It just lasted forever'. But if one employee - or just one patron had a gun - or if one person in this room had been there with a gun - aimed at the opposite direction - the terrorists would have fled or been shot and it would have been a whole different story - I mean - ..."

In this passage, Trump was speaking about the Paris attacks on 13 November 2015 in which 137 people died (including 7 terrorists) and 413 were wounded (80-99 critically).

Note that each time he said, "Boom!", President Trump displayed a dynamic handgun illustrator (not to be confused with a pistol steeple).

22:25

22:27

22:29

On each of these occasions, Donald Trump was stepping into the point-of-view of the terrorists. He was reenacting a bit of the Paris event from the perspective of the killers. In stark contrast, when he posited the idea of one of the hostages being armed and aiming their weapon back at the terrorist - the President did NOT configure his hand in a similar fashion.

This was not the first time Donald Trump used a handgun illustrator. You'll recall that on 23 January 2016 in Sioux City, Iowa he said, "... My people are so smart. And you know what else they say about my people? - The polls. They say, 'I have the most loyal people'. Did you ever see that? Where I could stand in the middle of Fifth Avenue and shoot somebody and I wouldn't lose any voters, Okay? It's like incredible!"

On that occasion, he pointed his handgun illustrator directly at the television camera (image immediately above).

Although there are exceptions (e.g., law enforcement, some military, actors, comedic scenarios) a handgun illustrator is an extremely rare nonverbal display for anyone in a leadership position to use - particularly high office holders.

Regardless of the culture or country, even the much more common index finger (forefinger) pointing is hyper-aggressive and highly offensive (which Trump also repeatedly displays).

Yet multiple simulated gun-firing gestures - from the point of view of a real ISIS/ISIL terrorist/event - reenacting killing which actually occurred - and particularly when contrasting these actions with a LACK of a similar gesture for his armed (good-guy) hostage theoretical person(s) - absolutely calls into question the President's psyche - and particularly how he views himself.

SUMMARY: This is a Rorschach-type moment - with his nonverbal behavior substituting for ink-blots. The President's nonverbal behavior in this video strongly suggests that he relates more to the minds' and actions' of the terrorist-killers than those of his would-be hostages-turned-heroes.

The multiple handgun illustrators use in this context is highly correlative with dramatically reduced or complete absence of empathy - as well as impulse control disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and (on occasion) antisocial personality disorder.

Group Appearances and One-on-One

Online Courses Available 

702-239-8503

Jack@BodyLanguageSuccess.com

See also:

Body Language Analysis No. 4276: Waffle House Hero James Shaw Jr. Meets His NBA Idol Dwyane Wade

Body Language Analysis No. 4275: Rudy Giuliani's Interview on Fox News

Body Language Analysis No. 4273: Natalia Veselnitskaya and The Trump Tower Meeting - "I am an Informant"

Body Language Analysis No. 4271: Donald Trump's Hand Holding While Pulling of Emmanuel Macron

Body Language Analysis No. 4264: Criminal Profiling • Sketch of Man Who Allegedly Threatened Stormy Daniels (Stephanie Clifford) Over Her Affair with Donald Trump

Body Language Analysis No. 4004: US Congressman Dana Rohrabacher asks NASA scientist about Civilizations on Mars

Body Language Analysis No. 3986: Anthony Kennedy, The Supreme Court, and Predicting Empathy

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3930: Emmanuel Macron, Hacking, and Anger

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3374: Paris Attack Suspect Named - Salah Abdeslam - Body Language

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Body Language Analysis No. 4241: Vladimir Putin responding to a question regarding the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal - Nonverbal and Emotional Intelligence (VIDEO, PHOTOS)

BBC Journalist, Steve Rosenberg recently asked Russian President Vladimir Putin, "Is Russia behind the poisoning of Sergei Skripal?" What follows is a partial analysis of President Putin's nonverbal response.

The above image of Vladimir Putin (from 0:02 in the above video) shows the Russian President with an Elevated Central Forehead Contraction - simultaneous with a partial (mild/subtle) mouth smile.

This is an expression every healthy and psychologically normal person displays (just not very often). It's significant for the emotions of:

• Arrogance (we're all allowed to feel arrogant once in a while, but hopefully not too often)
• Contempt (again, on occasion we all feel contempt, but hopefully it's a rare experience)
• Disbelief (more specifically, a Smug-Disbelief with Impatient-Dismissal)

It's crucial to point out, that the emotions of arrogance, contempt, and disbelief all may be conveyed by other facial configurations. 

However, a relatively small fraction of the population (approximately 4%) displays this expression frequently - those individuals with a combination of:

• Low (or nonexistent) Empathy

combined with

• Low Sincerity Quotients (e.g., those individuals who are not necessarily lying IN THAT MOMENT - but they have a strong tendency toward deception

People with low Empathy Quotients combined with low or absent Sincerity - are characteristics common to Sociopaths/Psychopathy (Antisocial Personality Disorder [APD]).

This particular facial expression - an Elevated Central Forehead Contraction with a simultaneous Mild Mouth Smile (often partially suppressed) -WHEN DISPLAYED CHRONICALLY - has an extremely high correlation with Sociopathy/Psychopathy/Antisocial Personality Disorder.

This is one of President Putin's default facial expressions - essentially it's a Living Mask.

A moment later in this same video, President Putin displayed both Disgust and Contempt. This is a remarkably telling moment - for these were his real feelings, which leaked through his mask.

Contempt - displayed above during 0:14

Disgust being displayed during 0:16

A Very similar phenomenon occurs when actors come out of character: Actors were pretending - but once they stop acting, their real emotions are suddenly exposed - and for a brief moment, these released emotions are often hyperbolic (and can't be masked).

When the emotions of Contempt, Disgust, and/or Anger are temporally juxtaposed (as we see here) with the Elevated Central Forehead Contraction/Partial Mouth Smile Expression - a profoundly Dangerous Red Flag has been raised. You're in Danger.

Summary: President Vladimir Putin's CHRONIC display (a living mask) of the specific facial expression of an elevated central forehead contraction with a partial/subtle mouth smile (first image, above) has an extremely high correlation with low (or absent) empathy combined with low (or absent) sincerity (chronic deceptive tendencies) - as well as a very high likelihood of Sociopathy/Psychopathy/Antisocial Personality Disorder.

Media Inquiries and Group Appearances 

One-on-One and Online Courses Available 

Jack@BodyLanguageSuccess.com

702-239-8503

See also:

Body Language Analysis No. 4240: Cambridge Analytica's Alexander Nix (Part I)

Body Language Analysis No. 4238: OJ Simpson - The Lost Confession (Continued, Part II)

Body Language Analysis No. 4236: Andrew McCabe, Jeff Sessions, James Comey - and Sincerity

Body Language Analysis No. 4234: Donald Trump's Reaction to Question Regarding Whether He Fired Rex Tillerson because the SOS called him a "Moron"

Body Language and Medical Analysis No. 4221: Why are Donald Trump's Pupils So Large?

Body Language Analysis No. 4205: Chloe Kim, Albert Einstein, and Creativity

Body Language Analysis No. 4197: Donald Trump calls people who didn't clap during his State of the Union address "Un-American" and "Treasonous"

Body Language Analysis No. 4193: Hope Hicks, Sexual Attraction, Armpits, and Elbows 

Body Language Analysis No. 4111: Selena Gomez, Francia Raisa, and a Kidney Transplant

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Body Language Analysis No. 4190: Serial Killer Bruce McArthur - and a Common Nonverbal Pattern of Sociopaths - Nonverbal and Emotional Intelligence (PHOTOS)

Bruce McArthur, a 66-year-old resident of Toronto, Canada is a grandfather - and was a self-employed landscaper - as well as a Santa Claus at a local mall. He also stands accused of committing at least five murders.

From a nonverbal perspective, there's one facial expression which Sociopaths (those with Antisocial Personality Disorder) display frequently. Bruce McArthur is making such an expression in this image. It's components are:

• Elevated Central Forehead Contraction (elevated CFC)
• Mouth Smile (Usually partial or even slight [as is seen here] and simultaneous with the CFC)

It's profoundly important to stress that we all - all 7.5 Billion of us - make this facial expression from time to time. Most of us (about 96%) however don't make it that often. We may all display this expression when we're feeling:

• Arrogant
• Disbelief (a special subset of disbelief - more specifically, when we're feeling a Smug Incredulity)
• Contempt

As normal human beings - we're all allowed to feel these emotions - but not too often if we're emotionally and mentally healthy.

It's also very important to stress that all three of these emotions can be manifested by other facial expressions.

But Sociopaths (Antisocial Personality Disorder), bad actors, and TV pundits will display this facial configuration with much greater frequency compared with the general population.

If one thin-slices this behavior, it's fascinating to note that within the acting profession - men (both straight and gay) display this behavior mistake much more often than women. However, a common denominator of both sociopaths and bad actors - is indeed bad acting. While sociopaths are fair-to-good actors - they're almost never great actors (of course, there are occasional exceptions). If you know what to look for, you can suss them out.

Summary: An elevated central forehead contraction (CFC) coupled with a simultaneous mouth smile (usually only a partial [often somewhat subtle] smile, and by definition an insincere, mouth smile) - and WHEN IT'S DISPLAYED FREQUENTLY - is behavior which has an extremely high correlation with antisocial personality disorder (sociopathic behavior). If frequent, this is an ominous Red Flag. No psychologically healthy individual will display this facial expression frequently.

Media Inquiries and Group Appearances 

One-on-One and Online Courses Available 

Jack@BodyLanguageSuccess.com

702-239-8503

See also:

Body Language Analysis No. 3996: (REPOSTING) Donald Trump Jr.'s and Natalia Veselnitskaya's meeting

Body Language Analysis No. 4188: Donald Trump Gets Booed at Davos for Calling the Press "Fake"

Body Language Analysis No. 4186: Donald Trump, Robert Mueller, and Disgust

Body Language Analysis No. 4184: Why Does Donald Trump Point So Often?

Body Language Analysis No. 4165: Kim Jong-un's New Years Faux Pas

Body Language Analysis No. 4155: Luis Elizondo Interview - Former Military Intelligence Official Who Ran AATIP (The Pentagon's Secret UFO Unit)

Body Language Analysis No. 4132: Drake's Tattoo of Denzel Washington

Body Language Analysis No. 4104: Walter Cronkite Reaction to JFK Assassination

Body Language Analysis No. 4022: Jessica Alba's Rules for Naming Her Baby

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Body Language Analysis No. 4077: A Facial Expression Common to Both Bad Actors and Sociopaths - Nonverbal and Emotional Intelligence (VIDEO, PHOTOS)

Watch this video with no audio. What facial expression does Zac Efron display with a very high frequency? - An expression which he uses much more often than is seen in the general population?

These images above are but three of many examples: an Elevated Central Forehead Contraction (elevated CFC) simultaneous (or nearly simultaneous) with a partial (Insincere) mouth smile.

Now, of course, we all exhibit this same expression on occasion. These include the emotional displays of:

• Arrogance
• Disbelief (more specifically, Smug Incredulity)
• Contempt

We're all allowed to feel these emotions - once in a while. As long as these feelings don't occur too frequently - they are part of the normal human experience. It's also important to note that all three of these emotions may be manifested via other facial expressions.

But Sociopaths (Antisocial Personality Disorder) and bad actors (can you name any other groups?) will display this facial configuration with much greater frequency compared with the general population.

Intriguingly - if we nuance this behavior further within the acting profession - men (both straight and gay) commit this theatric faux pas much more often than women.

What should immediately strike you is the common denominator of these two groups. For sociopaths are, to a large extent, actors. They're not great actors - but most of them, for at least small segments of time, are fair-to-good actors (exceptions exist of course). And to be clear, I'm NOT saying Zac Efron is a sociopath (however, in this "Vogue 73 Questions" interview, he WAS acting - he wasn't simply being "Zac").

No one who is psychologically healthy will display this facial expression too often. Thus, if you're an actor or an acting coach - eliminate it. And, for everyone else - be on guard.

Summary: When it's displayed frequently (not just within a single conversation) - an elevated central forehead contraction together with a simultaneous/nearly simultaneous mouth smile (usually just a partial smile, and by definition an insincere, mouth smile) - has a very high correlation with antisocial personality disorder (sociopathic behavior). Take heed.



Group Appearances and One-on-One
Online Courses Available 
702-239-8503
Jack@BodyLanguageSuccess.com



See also:

Body Language Analysis No. 4076: Roger Stone Speaks to the Press after House Intelligence Committee Testimony

Body Language Analysis No. 4074: Donald Trump Sends Robert Kraft a Message

Body Language Analysis No. 4072: "Get that son of a bitch off the field right now. Out! He’s fired. He’s fired!"

Body Language Analysis No. 4065: The Murder of Laci Peterson - Scott Peterson's Red Flag

Body Language Analysis No. 4039: Blue Angels, Surprise, Emotional Processing, and Empathy

Body Language Analysis No. 4021: Stephen Miller's and Jim Acosta's Confrontation

Body Language Analysis No. 4002: Justin Trudeau Meets His Namesake

Body Language Analysis No. 3948: The Manchester Bomber, Nonverbal Communication, Threat Assessment, and Emotional Intelligence

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3922: Vladimir Putin and Michael Flynn in Moscow


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Body Language Analysis No. 3972: Vladimir Putin, Oliver Stone, and a Facial Expression Red Flag - Nonverbal and Emotional Intelligence (VIDEO, PHOTOS)

When it's displayed frequently, one particular facial expression which should always send up a red flag.

What facial components make up this expression?

• Elevated Central Forehead Contraction (CFC)
• Partial Mouth Smile

Both the elevated CFC and the partial mouth smile must be present together.

Another feature, not required, yet is seen in this example as an amplifier is:

• Partial Eyelid Closure

In the above promotional video of Oliver Stone's "The Putin Interviews", during 0:36 - 0:38, at the end of the sentence, "Suffice it to remember the Rosenberg spouses who were electrocuted", Vladimir Putin displays this precise cluster: his central forehead elevates, his mouth configures in a partial (suppressed) mouth smile, and his upper eyelids are partially closed (see image below).

In this context, this expression overlaps with the phenomena of what is known as "Duping Delight" - indicating that President Putin takes pleasure in the Rosenberg's execution (Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were United States citizens. After being convicted of committing espionage for the Soviet Union, they were executed. Coincidentally, their deaths occurred sixty-four years ago tomorrow - June 19, 1953).

Note the crucial caveat, "when it's displayed frequently" - for we all display this same face on occasion. We may use this expression when we're feeling:

• Arrogance
• Disbelief
• Contempt

Contempt and arrogance are emotions which are overlapping in nature. It's also very important to note, that all three of these emotions can be displayed by way of other facial expressions.

Summary:  When a person displays an elevated central forehead contraction together with a partial (suppressed) mouth smile - and does so frequently, this has very high correlation with sociopathic behavior (Antisocial Personality Disorder).

Group Appearances and One-on-One
Online Courses Available 
1-702-239-8503
Jack@BodyLanguageSuccess.com

See also:

Body Language Analysis No. 3971: Elon Musk, Amber Heard, Affection, and Ownership

Body Language Analysis No. 3969: Vladimir Putin Offers James Comey Asylum

Body Language Analysis No. 3967: Jeff Sessions' Testimony, Microexpressions, and Duping Delight 

Body Language Analysis No. 3964: What Donald Trump Really Thinks about James Comey

Body Language Analysis No. 3958: Vladimir Putin interview with Megyn Kelly

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3912: Keri Russell's Schadenfreude, Matthew Rhys' Fear, and a Hesitancy to Disclose

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3857: Taunting a Snowplow Driver - Belleville, Ontario

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3760: Rory McIlroy's "Little Interviews"

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 2979: "Tomorrowland" Trailer-teaser, Britt Robertson and Stanislavski


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Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3382: Donald Trump's Mask - Body Language (VIDEO, PHOTOS)

Why is Donald Trump (or any politician) a good liar? One (of several) nonverbal reasons for his increased ability to deceive is his "mask". The less variability a person has in their facial expressions (or other body language signals), the less likely they are to be caught in a lie. Thus they have a "go to" or default facial expression which they use a disproportionately high percentage of time. This behavior is akin to a person putting on a mask and moreover helps them to suppress facial expression "tells" and therefore lowers the chances of being caught lying.

The image below is Trump's primary default facial expression - Donald's main "mask". Those individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder (Sociopaths, etc.) have a much higher frequency of facial mask behavior.

See also:

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3381: Ariana Grande, Flirtatious Body Language and the American Music Awards

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3364: Jennifer Lawrence accidentally kisses Natalie Dormer on the Mouth - Body Language  

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3287: Hillary Clinton, Email Servers and Crisis Management

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3258: Hillary Clinton speaks out on "inaccuracies" of private email controversy

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3279: Jeb Bush, Donald Trump and the Iowa State Fair - Body Language Tells 

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3301: Sarah Palin re: Bush vs. Trump regarding speaking Spanish - "When you're here, let's Speak American!"

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3336: Donald Trump, Kevin McCarthy, Deception and Body Language 

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Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3374: Paris Attack Suspect Named - Salah Abdeslam - Body Language (PHOTOS)

Earlier today French authorities named Salah Abdeslam (pictured here) as one of the suspects for the 13 November Paris Attacks. Unlike seven of his alleged accomplices, Abdeslam is alive and was last seen at the French-Belgian border Saturday morning. 

In this image, Abdeslam has nonverbal signals which are quite atypical for a photo taken in conjunction with public identification.

First he has a mild-moderate (3.0-3.5 out of 10.0) forward lip purse. The forward lip purse is indicative of clandestine disagreement and/or a clandestine plan. It also demonstrates a marked disparity between what is said (typically little or no disagreement) and what is felt-thought (dramatic disagreement). A person who makes a forward lip purse believes they are the relative alpha when compared with whom they're interacting. Moreover the forward lip purse also projects the belief that they believe they have a high chance of achieving their desired results.

There is also significant anger present in the moment this photo was captured - again an unusual emotion to be captured as part of an ID photograph. Take note of Abdeslam's eyelids. They are opened very slightly wider than baseline - however what is more prominent is the tension of his lower eyelids and mildly downward vectored eyebrows (more so on his inner, or medial eyebrows). Both of his nostrils are significantly flared and there is also a moderate amount of tension in the "mustache area".

When a forward lip purse and anger are seen simultaneously - there is a considerably increased likelihood for loss of temper. When this expression is seen chronically - impulse control disorder and antisocial personality disorder (sociopath personality) are virtually always present.

See also:

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3373: Barack Obama Delivers a Statement on the attacks in Paris - Body Language

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3354: Rape Victim (13 year old girl) Demands to Make a Statement at the Sentencing of Perpetrator - Body Language

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 2656: Threat Assessment during Robbery - Body Language of Perpetrator

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 2231:  A Common Facial Expression of Mass Killers - Using Body Language as a Threat Assessment Tool 

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3304: Jeb Bush on Stephen Colbert's Late Show Premier  

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3224: Jordan Spieth, the U.S. Open, and a Classic Fear Expression 

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3298: Aylan Kurdi, a three year-old Syrian refugee drowns and the image of his body moves the World - a Body Language Empathy Self-Assessment 

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Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3292: Empathy, Yawning and Dogs - Body Language (PHOTOS)

It is common knowledge that boredom and sleepiness are associated with yawning. Less well known is the correlation between yawning with anxiety and even hunger. There is also research indicating that a yawn is one mechanism with which humans use to cool their brains.

The degree to which others mirror those who are yawning has also been shown to be associated with empathy. We tend to mirror yawning with a significantly greater frequency in those with whom we have greater affection - spouses, children, other family - less so with friends - and it drops off even further with co-workers and acquaintances, etc. Of course, yawning is only one of a vast multitude of behaviors which is mirrored.

This phenomenon exists, at least in part due to the presence and function of what are known as "Mirror Neurons" (Collectively these are known as the Mirror-Neuron-System [MNS]. A better name for these may be "Empathy Neurons"). Moreover there are different sub-types of mirror neurons and much remains to be discovered.

Those individuals with autism spectrum disorder have a relative deficit (and/or hypo-functionality) of one (or more) varieties of mirror neurons. Others - with narcissistic personality disorder and sociopaths have a deficiency or functional problem with another sub-type of mirror neurons. Intriguingly, sociopaths (antisocial personality disorder) and those with narcissistic personalities are much less likely to yawn when they witness other people yawning. This correlation is but one of many nonverbal signals indicative of higher (or lower) empathy quotients. What others can you name?

It will not come as a surprise to many dog lovers (for they are a species noted for high empathy) that not only are yawns are also contagious from dog-to-owner as well as from owner-to-dog.

See also:

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3291: Molly Huddle Celebrates Early at World Championships - Body Language of Emotional Pain

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 2922: Evacuating Yazidis from Iraq's Mount Sinjar - A Daughter's Anguish, Empathy and Mirror Neurons

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 2669: Sara Bareilles and the Body Language of the Rationalization Rapport Empathy Expression 

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3035: John Wall, Miyah Telemaque-Nelson - and Grief, Empathy & Emotional Pain 

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 3136: Barack Obama and Brother-in-Law Craig Robinson at Princeton's Game - Contrasting Low Empathy vs. High Empathy 

Nonverbal Communication Analysis No. 2701: Cuddling, Romance, Affection and Foot-Shunning 

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