In the context of the first-ever UAW Union simultaneous strike against all three major American companies, Mary Barra (General Motors CEO) was interviewed this past Monday on CNN. What follows is a partial Body Language and Behavior Analysis of crucial portions of this interview.
One of the most common body language questions I'm asked is, "What is the most common sign that someone is being insincere?" or its close variation — "What is the most common signal that people are trying to manipulate me?"
This is a subject of great importance. Pay close attention to the forehead. A constantly/near constantly elevated forehead is *thee* most common and reliable signal that a person is being insincere and/or being manipulative.
For the vast majority of this interview, you'll note that, across its entire width, Mary Barra's forehead is contracted and elevated.
An elevated forehead also elevates the eyebrows. It also often (but not always) elevates the upper eyelids — giving the eyes a wide-open configuration. When done too frequently or in the wrong context, this is a profound red flag.
Taken in isolation, an eyeslids-wide-open display is seen with emphasis, alarm, fear, severe anger/rage, and surprise .... (0:58)
... and if displayed *too frequently* — or out of context — an eyelids-wide-open display correlates strongly with deception and manipulation (with or without any accompanying forehead elevation).
pain, or in significant emotional pain — will display a prolonged contraction of their *central* forehead (not across the entire width)...
... but crucially, in order for their expressed-felt emotion to be one of sadness, grief, physical pain, or emotional pain — the rest of their face — especially their mouth, must also be displaying congruently sad or painful emotions.
If the central forehead is elevated and contracted and elevated, but their mouth is expressing even a scintilla of a smile, their thought-emotions indicate a completely different thought-emotion.
This is also true when the entire width of the forehead is contracted and elevated upward — in conjunction with a mouth smile, (4:54). Barra's wide-opened eyelids amplify this emotional tone.
This amalgam of expressions is a profound red flag that will cause distrust, and not surprisingly (depending on how long it is held) sometimes frightens people. Whenever you see smiling out of context — it should always alert your radar.
There's another behavior exhibited throughout much of this interview — Mary Barra is speaking with her mouth in an asymmetrical configuration. This behavior is quite prominent when Mary Barra defends her $29,000,000 salary.
Some people talk out of the side of their mouth constantly. It's ingrained 24/7/365 — a lifelong/near lifelong pattern (i.e., former Secretary of State Rex Tillerson).
Rex Tillerson's asymmetrical mouth speaking is his baseline behavior. But this is not the case with Mary Barra — she switches back and forth between speaking symmetrically — but then, for a length of time, speaking asymmetrically.
*Intermittent* asymmetrical mouth speaking (when not part of a long term constant behavior as mentioned with Rex Tillerson) is a strong signal of bravado, braggadocio, and deception.
Intriguingly, actors (even very skilled actors) often also speak out of the sides of their mouths' — while they're acting. Acting is a special form of deception — it's deception with consent. However, acting without consent is lying.
Mary Barra also exhibited an asymmetrical resting mouth while she was *not* speaking. Her particular configuration displayed by Barra in this moment is an amalgam of contempt and regret (1:20).
And this display shows an outright contempt for the UAW (2:18). Barra's partially closed eyelids, while not a requirement for contempt display, in this context it does act as a contempt amplifier).
As she says, "incredible" (0:49), Barra tilts her head-neck backward, central forehead elevated and contracted, closing her eyelids, and gestures with a bilateral palm-out display — another amalgam of behaviors which is highly manipulative.
Note that Barra's asymmetrical mouth is also present during this display.
Although it can certainly be a fault of poor style, anxiety, or verbosity — those who are being deceptive also tend to use more tautologies — i.e., here Barra says, "we're in an incredibly exciting time in this industry" immediately followed by the words "right now".
These verbal redundancies often indicate a person is trying (trying too hard) to convince you. When you hear tautologies, ask yourself, "Why?". This verbal behavior is congruent with her body language behavior (and her vocal qualities/tone of voice).
You'll note that Mary Barra's head-neck tilts backward quite a bit during this interview (while at other times her head-neck is held straight/vertical). This backward head/neck tilt signals arrogance and condescending emotional tones.
As Barra addresses her salary increase compared to the average GM worker's salary increase, looks down to her right, and stammers, ("I think, ah..."), blinks rapidly, with an elevated forehead elevated (3:47). Red flags flashing. Sirens blaring.
We can see a hard Swallow at 7:19 - 7:20 displayed as the interviewer asks about Barra's conversation with President Biden. Hard swallowing is a strong indicator of anxiety. Note that Barra never answered the question (the interviewer should have pressed her for an answer). Her avoidance in answering is profoundly telling.
Moreover, Mary Barra never even mentioned President Biden's name — or anyone else's name ("so I've been speaking to many members of congress and the administration").
Barra also looks down to her right as she responds (but doesn't answer this question). Our right lower quadrant is the direction to which we look correlating with thinking-feelings of shame, guilt, deception, and sadness (7:25).
SUMMARY: Mary Barra, General Motors CEO, displays multiple signals of insincerity, manipulation, and deception during this interview.
All individuals, organizations, and businesses who want to (need to) nuance their understanding of Emotional Intelligence and dramatically improve their Body Language skills — please email me at: Jack@BodyLanguageSuccess.com
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This post and others accompanying it, serve as a reference source for the art and science of Body Language/Nonverbal Communication. The views and opinions expressed on this website are those of the author. In an effort to be both practical and academic, many examples from/of varied cultures, politicians, professional athletes, legal cases, public figures, etc., are cited in order to teach and illustrate both the interpretation of others’ body language as well as the projection of one’s own nonverbal skills in many different contexts.
There are many signals of deception and manipulation — and in the vast majority of scenarios, these should not be interpreted in isolation.
It’s profoundly important to differentiate a person who is lying or manipulative *in this moment* vs. a person who *chronically* lies or manipulates (that is, it’s one of their fundamental underlying personality characteristics).
The most common signal of a person who is a chronic liar (aka a person who is chronically insincere), is an overuse of their forehead muscles, specifically an upward (not downward) contraction of their forehead.
Moreover, either the entire width of the forehead (with both entire eyebrows) — or the central forehead (with the central portion of each eyebrow) elevating is the specific pattern to look for when sussing out chronic dishonesty and manipulative personalities.
Of course, there are many honest reasons for a person to elevate their forehead such as honest surprise, deep emotional processing, fear, bewilderment, honest emphasis, self-deprecating emotions, playfulness, etc.
These honest reasons are in profound distinction, however, to a person who elevates their forehead out-of-context or too frequently.
Another important distinction is when the forehead is contracted only on one side — which also does not apply in this specific chronic dishonest and manipulative nonverbal behavior/tell.
SUMMARY: The most common signal of a Manipulative personality as well as a Chronic Liar is the overuse of an upward-contracted forehead. Take care to avoid these individuals — they will make your life miserable (or worse).
All individuals, businesses, or organizations who want to (need to) dramatically improve their#BodyLanguageskills (via group or individual instruction) — and all professionals who want to nuance their understanding of#EmotionalIntelligence, please DM or email me atJack@BodyLanguageSuccess.com
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This post and others accompanying it, serve as a reference source for the art and science of Body Language/Nonverbal Communication. The views and opinions expressed on this website are those of the author. In an effort to be both practical and academic, many examples from/of varied cultures, politicians, professional athletes, legal cases, public figures, etc., are cited in order to teach and illustrate both the interpretation of others’ body language as well as the projection of one’s own nonverbal skills in many different contexts.
As a Nonverbal/Body Language Expert, the most common inquiry one hears (by far) is, "How can I tell when someone is lying?"
While the ability to suss-out truth from lies is profoundly important, what's equally - and perhaps more crucial is the ability to detect sincerity vs. insincerity. For a person who has overall insincere personality traits - may very well NOT be lying to you right now - they will. Bet on it. And, they will lie more often. Moreover, because such individuals are particularly good at getting close to you - causing you to drop your guard and gaining your trust - their lies will do more damage.
Thus, detecting insincerity is, very much, the art of detecting liars when their not lying (yet).
There exists a multitude of nonverbal insincerity tells. One excellent guideline is - any time you sense a person is trying too hard to convince you (whether it's via their words, their vocal qualities [paralanguage] - or their body language) - with high probability, they're trying to deceive you.
One common nonverbal signal of insincerity is seen when a person opens their upper eyelids widely - out of context - and does so frequently.
This begs the question - what are some normal emotional contexts for widely opened eyelids?
• Fear
• Severe Anger (Rage)
• Surprise
It's important to point out that with all three of these emotions, the other portions of the face have dramatically different configurations, but for the purposes of this discussion, we're limiting our analysis only to the eyelids.
In the first 3 minutes 18 seconds of this video, Rudy Giuliani opens his eyelids very widely 10 times. On average, that's one such display every 19.8 seconds. But he wasn't enraged, he wasn't afraid, and he wasn't surprised.
So why did he open his eyelids so widely and so frequently?
Rudy Giuliani was trying too hard - much too hard to convince his audience. This behavior is a nonverbal analog to a person using too many exclamation marks. He is acting, although he's not very skilled at it. Don't fall for this ruse.
SUMMARY: Rudy Giuliani's pattern of frequent and dramatic displays of widely opened eyelids in this video is a highly reliable nonverbal signal of insincerity.
This image captures Michael Cohen during one of his Default Expressions. His "smile" in this moment is INSINCERE. More specifically this is a "JOKER smile" - named after the character from the original Batman comics.
Notice Cohen's forehead - it's contracted and elevated across its entire width - while the forehead of a person with a true smile of Joy-Happiness is always relaxed.
Coordinated with his elevated forehead are his elevated eyebrows. This brow dynamic is also a mark of insincerity.
However, his upper eyelids are lowered. More specifically, they are passively closed - with a droopy appearance. Crucially, when the eyelids are moving in the opposite direction than the adjacent forehead tissue - it's unnatural - a red flag for feigned emotions. Sincere (Duchenne) smiles ALWAYS require partially closed eyelids - but they do NOT close in this manner. With True smiles - the eyelids are actively closed - and they don't have this passive/droopy appearance.
Now study the President Trump's attorney-fixer's mouth...
A Sincere smile does NOT display the teeth on the bottom - only the top (with the exceptions being at the beginning or end of true laughter [sincere laughter DOES reveal the lower teeth], a head tilted downward, and/or a superior camera angle.
The corners of his mouth are upturned - as we would expect with a sincere smile -
but there is also significant lateral vectoring. Here, again, adjacent
tissues are working against each other (another red flag) -
simultaneously pulling the mouth both sideways and up
The tug-o-war of facial muscle near Cohen's mouth results in
significant exposure of his lower teeth - and importantly, more so that his upper teeth - and thus resulting in the JOKER SMILE.
Summary: Michael Cohen commonly displays this particular variety of Feigned Smile - known as the JOKER SMILE. It's common and it's insincere. Whenever you see this expression on the street, in business, or in your personal life - be warned. Protect your flank.
On 14 April 2018, the United States, United Kingdom, and France carried out a coordinated retaliatory military air strike against the Syrian government. This act was in response to the chemical weapons attack the Syrian forces perpetrated upon their own people on 7 April 2018 in Douma. The Syrian government has denied they carried out this mass-poisoning and have called the retaliation a violation of international law.
Shortly after the retaliatory attack, Donald Trump addressed the nation from the White House. A video of this speech is included above. What follows is a nonverbal and paralanguage analysis of one crucial segment of his address.
PRESIDENT TRUMP (continuing at 6:38): ... We saw the anguish that can be unleashed and the evil that can take hold. By the end of World War-One - more than one million people had been killed or injured by chemical weapons. We never want to see that ghastly specter return...
During 6:47, just as he's finishing saying the word, "... War ..." the President:
• Contracts and Elevates his Central Forehead Muscles
• His mouth hyper-gesticulates
• Crucially, his mouth does NOT take on a saddened configuration
• Tilts his head/neck to his right
• Raises his right shoulder
When a sincere person is feeling emotional or physical pain for
her/himself - or experiencing these feelings for another person/group of people via
empathy - their:
• Central Forehead Contracts & Elevates
• Mouth takes on a sad, scared, or painful configuration
The elevated central forehead contraction (an elevated CFC, not the entire width of the
forehead - but just the central [medial] portion) is a monumentally
important nonverbal display - which the vast majority people don't
nuance. This includes those individuals who constantly attempt to feign empathy - and
this is exactly what the President is doing here. Although we certainly don't welcome their bad behavior, we should be
thankful for their poor acting skills - for it allows us to suss out the
insincere people from the sincere ones.
A split-second later (still during 6:47), as the President says, "... One ...", he shrugs with his:
• Shoulders
• Hands
• Eyebrows
• Forehead
• He also Rapidly torques his head
§ Note: Although Donald Trump's forehead is moderately treated with
Botox, we are still able to see these important contractions/dynamics.
A shrug indicates the thought-emotion of:
• I don't know
• I don't care
• What does it matter?
A shoulder shrug (or any of the lesser-appreciated shrugs) are COMPLETELY OUT OF CONTEXT HERE. Why would a person be thinking-feeling such emotions when talking about the issue of deaths in chemical warfare? In waging war? If one is operating from the foundation and premise of empathy - there is NO REASON.
Another excellent insincerity tell is exhibited in this same moment from a Paralanguage/Statement Analysis perspective:
• The hyperbolic emphasis of the word "One" (both in tone and in volume).
Why is this word emphasized? Always remember: When the less important words of a sentence are emphasized - while the some of the more important ones are monotone/homogenized - it's a monumentally classic signal of insincerity.
Additionally - when you observe both nonverbal signals of insincerity simultaneous with paralanguage flags of insincerity - you can be 100% certain that the person's thoughts and feelings are not congruent with their words. They are lying. They have other agenda. Protect your flank.
Summary: President Trump was insincere during this address. He was feigning empathy. He's parroting this emotion. He's character acting. It's one thing to be insincere passively - it's more nefarious to actively fake it.
While you may or may not agree with President Trump's decision (or the UK's or France's) to retaliate against Syria (or the precise manner/timing of their retaliation) - that is not what this analysis is discussing. I'm here to analyze and teach nonverbal behavior.
What many people do NOT understand, is when the central forehead is
contracted and elevated - but the mouth is not simultaneously sad, scared, or expressing pain - the person is
experiencing a completely different set of emotions (e.g., CFC with Sad/Scared/Painful Mouth vs. CFC with other types of mouth expressions). While this may sound like
geeky-detail - it's one of the most important nonverbal distinctions you'll ever learn. It will save you time, money, hassle, a bad marriage, and maybe your life.
Commit yourself right now - to collecting images/screen-grabs and their
corresponding URLs of these two expression variations. Study them and refer to
them often. And whenever you see these displayed by others in your own, real-life experiences - take detailed mental notes.
The above video contains an excerpt from Betsy DeVos' 60 Minutes interview which aired on Sunday.
The US Secretary of Education has less variability in her facial expressions than the vast majority of people. This phenomenon - sometimes referred to as a 'Living Mask' - elicits uneasy emotions in others.
One of Ms. DeVos' primary default expressions is a 'smile' - which, almost always is a feigned smile. Moreover, her smiles/false smiles very frequently occur out-of-context to the subject matter.
The image above was captured from 1:25 in the video, just after Leslie Stahl says, "No, but your argument if you take funds away, ah, that the schools will get better, is not working in Michigan..." - Ms. DeVos wasn't smiling - but then, upon hearing Ms. Stahl's statement, her face reconfigured.
Her expression is a false smile because:
• Her lower eyelids do not have evanescent, dynamic, concave-up furrows
• The corners of her mouth are vectored primarily laterally (rather than upward, as with a sincere smile)
This statement by Leslie Stahl, should not have been answered with a feigned or real smile. This type of behavior raises red flags. It 'feels' odd - for it's a highly out-of-context response.
Throughout this interview (and most of her public appearances), there are numerous similar examples such 'Masked Smiling'.
It's crucial to make the following distinction: Ms. DeVos, like anyone, can certainly exhibit 'Duping Delight' - however, near-constant, smiling (feigned or real), is another phenomenon (although both are examples of smiling out-of-context).
Summary: One reason Secretary DeVos is felt to be insincere is due to her longstanding nonverbal behavior pattern of:
• Very Low Facial Expression Viability (A 'Living Mask')
• Smiling Far Too Frequently (Smiling Out-of-Context)
Fascinatingly, these are exactly the same nonverbal reasons many people fear clowns/clown masks - because they are unchanging, insincere smiles.